Brazil’s President, Dilma Rousseff, began her second term Thursday vowing to rein in government spending to curb inflation and pull Latin America’s largest economy out of a four-year slump.
As she took the oath of office in Brasilia, Ms. Rousseff also promised to embark on an anti-corruption crusade in response to a multibillion-dollar graft scandal engulfing state-run oil company Petrobras that threatens to haunt her second term.
With investors fleeing Brazilian assets in disapproval of her management of the economy during her first term, and with a downgrade of the country’s debt hinted by at least one ratings agency, Ms. Rousseff, a 67-year-old leftist, pledged to pursue more market-friendly policies.
“More than anybody, I know Brazil needs to resume growth. The first steps of this journey are an overhaul of public accounts, increasing domestic savings, beefing up investments and improving productivity,” she said in her inaugural address to Congress.
She promised to undertake the belt-tightening in a way that minimizes the pain for average Brazilians who rely on the government for social welfare benefits.
A career bureaucrat who had never run for public office before becoming the first woman to ascend to Brazil’s presidency in 2011, Ms. Rousseff spent the past four years juggling an economic downturn and high inflation. She was narrowly re-elected in October after a divisive campaign .
To spearhead the change in economic policy, she previously named banker Joaquim Levy as finance minister. An orthodox economist who holds a doctorate from the University of Chicago, Mr. Levy is expected to enact budget cuts and other austerity measures to rebalance public accounts.
Those cuts, however, are likely to complicate what is expected to be another tough year for Brazil’s economy, given sluggish growth worldwide and a domestic marketplace increasingly accustomed to government largesse.
“It’s going to be a very rough year for her,” said former Congressman Alfredo Sirkis, a long-time critic to the left of Ms. Rousseff, citing an “explosive combination” of problems.
Things will become even more complicated for Ms. Rousseff in February when the Supreme Court is expected to reveal the names of dozens of politicians who allegedly received funds from more than $3-billion (U.S.) in kickbacks skimmed from the coffers of Petroleo Brasileiro SA, as Petrobras is formally known.
So far, 39 people have been arrested, including two former Petrobras directors and scores of executives from Brazil’s top construction companies. The construction executives are charged with channelling money from overpriced contracts to bribe officials and politicians.
Ms. Rousseff, who was chairwoman of Petrobras when much of the graft took place, has denied knowledge of the corruption.
On Thursday, she pledged to send Congress an anti-corruption bill in the first half of the year and engage legislators in what she described as a “national pact against corruption.”
